Master the Art of Logic Gates with Part 2/2

Master the Art of Logic Gates with Part 2/2

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. NAND Gate
    • Symbol
    • Mathematical Expression
    • Internal Structure
    • Working Principle
    • Truth Table
    • Electrical Equivalent Circuit
  3. NOR Gate
    • Symbol
    • Mathematical Expression
    • Internal Structure
    • Working Principle
    • Truth Table
    • Electrical Equivalent Circuit
  4. XOR Gate
    • Symbol
    • Mathematical Expression
    • Internal Structure
    • Working Principle
    • Truth Table
  5. XNOR Gate
    • Symbol
    • Mathematical Expression
    • Internal Structure
    • Working Principle
    • Truth Table
  6. Installation of Logic Gate ICs
  7. Breadboard Connections
  8. Technical Documents
  9. Conclusion

NAND Gate

The NAND gate is a fundamental logic gate that performs the digital logic operation of negation and conjunction. It is widely used in electronic circuits and digital systems. Let's explore the NAND gate in detail.

Symbol

The symbol of the NAND gate consists of one output and two or more inputs. It resembles the symbol of the AND gate, but with a circle at the output Pin, indicating negation.

Mathematical Expression

The mathematical expression of the NAND gate is similar to other logic gates. It represents the logical AND operation followed by negation.

Internal Structure

The NAND gate is typically implemented using a 7400 series integrated circuit (IC). This IC contains four individual NAND gates in a single Package. The internal structure of the NAND gate consists of transistors and resistors arranged in a specific layout.

Working Principle

To understand how the NAND gate works, we need to provide positive and negative DC power supply to the IC. The 1st and 2nd pins of the IC act as the input pins of the NAND gate. By connecting buttons to these inputs and applying a Logic-1 signal from a 5V power supply, we can observe the output using an LED.

Truth Table

The Truth Table of the NAND gate defines the relationship between its inputs and outputs. In the case where both inputs are 0, the output is 1. If one of the inputs is 0 and the other is 1, the output is 1. However, when both inputs are 1, the output value is 0.

Electrical Equivalent Circuit

The electrical equivalent circuit of the NAND gate consists of two input switches connected in series and connected in Parallel to the output. This arrangement results in the opposite outputs obtained from the AND function.

Pros:

  • NAND gates are versatile and widely used in digital logic circuits.
  • They are not limited to a specific application and can be used in various systems.

Cons:

  • The negation operation performed by the NAND gate introduces complexity in certain applications.

Continued in the next section...

Note: The remaining sections of the article continue to explain the NOR gate, XOR gate, XNOR gate, installation of logic gate ICs, breadboard connections, technical documents, and conclusion.

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