Enhance SAP Query with Custom ABAP Code
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Overview of SAP Query
- SQ01: Accessing Transaction Code
- Executing a Big Query and Viewing the Output
- Adding Code in the Infoset
- SQ02: Changing the Info Set
- Specifying the Info Set
- Adding Above Code
- Code Sections in SQ02
- Exploring Data and Variables
- Global Variables
- Code Sections for Data Retrieval
- Manipulating Output
- Record Processing for Infosets without a Logical Database
- Changing the Internal Data Structure
- Aggregated Calculations and Actions
- Controlling List Output
- Code Sections for List Output
- Influencing the Output using Percent G00
- Modifying Pages and Selection Screens
- Executing Code at the Start of a New Page
- Triggering App Code before Selection Screen Output
- Initializing Variables with an Initial Value
- Triggering Above Code before Selection Screen Output
- Working with Above Code Examples
- Example 1: Changing the Output
- Example 2: Sorting and Removing Duplicates
- Conclusion
Introduction
SAP Query is a powerful tool within the SAP system that allows users to extract and analyze data from various modules. It provides a user-friendly interface for creating customized reports and queries. In this article, we will explore how to use SAP Query effectively and make use of the above code functionality to enhance the output.
Overview of SAP Query
Before diving into the details of adding above code in SAP Query, let's first understand the basics. SAP Query is a reporting tool that enables users to retrieve data from SAP tables and Create customized reports. It allows users to define various criteria for data selection, manipulate the output, and control the formatting of the report.
SQ01: Accessing Transaction Code
To start creating a SAP Query, we need to access the transaction code SQ01. This transaction code is used for defining and maintaining queries. Once in SQ01, we can execute a big query to view the output and also have the option to add above code to further enhance the query's functionality.
Executing a Big Query and Viewing the Output
In SQ01, we can execute a big query to retrieve data from SAP tables. This allows us to get a preview of the output before making any modifications. By executing the query, we can ensure that the data selected meets our requirements.
Adding Code in the Infoset
SQ02 is the transaction code where we can make changes to the info set itself. By specifying the info set either from the list or by manually entering it, we can enter the change mode. Within the change mode, we can add our own logic by using the above code functionality. We can select the code section where we want to add our code and proceed with making the necessary changes.
SQ02: Changing the Info Set
In SQ02, we have the option to change the info set used in the SAP Query. By specifying the info set and entering the change mode, we can make modifications to the query structure and functionality.
Specifying the Info Set
When accessing SQ02, we need to specify the info set we want to modify. We can either select the info set from the list or manually enter it. Once selected, we can proceed with the necessary changes.
Adding Above Code
In SQ02, we have the flexibility to add above code to enhance the query's functionality. This code can be added to different code sections, depending on the desired outcome. Before adding the above code, we need to select the code section where we want to make the modifications and then proceed with entering our custom code.
Code Sections in SQ02
There are several code sections available in SQ02, each serving a specific purpose. Let's take a closer look at these code sections:
- Data: This section allows us to declare global variables that are accessible in all other code sections.
- Selection Before Database Accesses: The code in this section is executed before the database access starts. It is mainly Relevant for data retrieval and record processing.
- End of Selection Before List Output: This code section is used before the list output. It is suitable for changing the internal data structure and influencing the output.
- End of Selection After List Output: This code section is used after the list output. It is also suitable for changing the internal data structure and influencing the output.
- Top of Page: This code section is executed when the SAP user starts a new page in the output.
- Add Selection Screen: This code section triggers the app code before the output on the selection screen. It allows us to specify the field for which the event should be triggered.
- Free Code: This code section is executed after all events have been triggered. It is the last section of code to be executed.
- Initialization: This section is used to initialize variables with an initial value.
- Add Selection Screen Output: This code section triggers the above code before the output is displayed on the selection screen.
By utilizing these code sections, we can add custom logic to our SAP Queries and achieve the desired results.
Exploring Data and Variables
In SAP Query, we can manipulate data and make use of variables to enhance the output. Let's take a closer look at how we can work with data and variables in SAP Query.
Global Variables
Global variables declared in the "Data" code section are available in all other code sections. These variables can be used to store values that need to be accessed and manipulated throughout the query.
Code Sections for Data Retrieval
The "Selection Before Database Accesses" code section is mainly used for data retrieval and record processing. It is executed before the database accesses start and allows us to define the criteria for data retrieval.
Manipulating Output
One of the key functionalities of SAP Query is the ability to manipulate the output. We can change the internal data structure, perform aggregated calculations, and take specific actions Based on the output.
Record Processing for Infosets without a Logical Database
When working with infosets that do not have a logical database, the "Selection Before Database Accesses" code section is specifically used for record processing. It allows us to define the logic for manipulating individual records.
Changing the Internal Data Structure
The "End of Selection Before List Output" and "End of Selection After List Output" code sections are used to change the internal data structure. These sections are particularly suitable for aggregated calculations and actions.
Aggregated Calculations and Actions
The code sections "End of Selection Before List Output" and "End of Selection After List Output" are mainly used for aggregated calculations and actions. Here, we can perform calculations based on the output and define custom actions to be taken.
Controlling List Output
SAP Query provides us with the ability to control the list output and influence the formatting of the report. Let's explore how we can achieve this.
Code Sections for List Output
The "End of Selection Before List Output" and "End of Selection After List Output" code sections are specifically used for controlling the list output. By adding custom code in these sections, we can manipulate the way the output is displayed.
Influencing the Output using Percent G00
The "percent G00" notation is used within the code sections to access the internal table storing the output. By modifying the data in this internal table, we can directly influence the output. This notation is particularly useful for performing aggregated calculations and implementing specific actions.
Modifying Pages and Selection Screens
In SAP Query, we have the flexibility to modify pages and selection screens to meet our requirements. Let's take a look at how we can make changes to these elements.
Executing Code at the Start of a New Page
The "Top of Page" code section is executed when a SAP user starts a new page in the output. This allows us to perform specific actions or display additional information at the beginning of each page.
Triggering App Code before Selection Screen Output
The "Add Selection Screen" code section triggers the app code before the output is displayed on the selection screen. We can specify the field for which the event should be triggered, allowing us to add custom logic before the selection screen output.
Initializing Variables with an Initial Value
The "Initialization" code section is used to initialize variables with an initial value. This is particularly useful when working with variables that need to be reset or given a default value at the start of the query execution.
Triggering Above Code before Selection Screen Output
The "Add Selection Screen Output" code section triggers the above code before the output is displayed on the selection screen. This allows us to make specific changes to the output before it is presented to the user.
Working with Above Code Examples
Let's explore some examples of how to use the above code functionality in SAP Query to modify the output. These examples will illustrate the possibilities and benefits of adding custom logic to our queries.
Example 1: Changing the Output
In this example, we will change the output of a SAP Query by adding above code. We will modify the columns displayed and assign specific values to the output. By utilizing the above code functionality, we can customize the output to meet our specific requirements.
Example 2: Sorting and Removing Duplicates
In this example, we will use above code to sort the output and remove any duplicate entries. By adding custom logic in the "End of Selection After List Output" code section, we can manipulate the output and ensure that only unique records are displayed.
Conclusion
SAP Query provides a powerful tool for extracting and analyzing data within the SAP system. By making use of the above code functionality, we can further enhance our queries and customize the output. With the ability to add custom logic and manipulate the data, SAP Query offers endless possibilities for generating Meaningful reports and insights.