Master the Basics of Building a Dry Stone Wall

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Dry Stone Walling
2. Basic Principles of Dry Stone Walling
   • 2.1 Wider at the Bottom Than at the Top
   • 2.2 Building with a Batter
   • 2.3 Stones Built Lengthways into the Wall
   • 2.4 Tying Both Sides of the Wall Together
   • 2.5 Through Stones for Extra Stability
   • 2.6 Finishing Off with Toppings
3. Stripping Out and Rebuilding
4. Importance of Footings
5. Interlocking Stones on Both Sides
6. Placing Stones Into the Wall
7. Filling the Holes with Stones
8. The Importance of the Middle of the Wall
9. Running Stones in Courses
10. Crossing Joints for Stability
11. Hammering for Tighter Fit
12. Placing Through Stones
13. Using Strings for Alignment
14. Putting the Tops On
15. Finishing Touches
16. Common Mistakes to Avoid
17. Setting Up a New Wall
    • 17.1 Setting Up a Frame
    • 17.2 Determining the Width of the Wall

Introduction to Dry Stone Walling

Dry stone walling is a traditional method of building walls without the use of mortar or any other bonding material. In this article, we will explore the basic principles of dry stone walling and learn how to build a sturdy and aesthetically pleasing wall. From understanding the importance of footings to selecting and placing stones, we will uncover the secrets of this ancient craft. So let's dive in and discover the art of dry stone walling!

Basic Principles of Dry Stone Walling

2.1 Wider at the Bottom Than at the Top

One fundamental principle of dry stone walling is that the wall should be wider at the bottom than at the top. This is known as the batter, and it helps to give the wall stability and strength. By gradually tapering the wall as it rises, the center of gravity is lowered, making it less likely to topple over.

2.2 Building with a Batter

To achieve the batter, each layer of stones in the wall is positioned in a way that slopes inward and downward. This creates an A-frame structure, which further enhances the stability of the wall. By leaning the stones into the Core of the wall, the downward pressure is evenly distributed, preventing the wall from collapsing under its weight.

2.3 Stones Built Lengthways into the Wall

Unlike brickwork, where the long face of the bricks is visible, dry stone walls are built with the stones placed lengthways into the wall. This technique, known as "through stones," ensures that both sides of the wall are tied together, creating a unified and solid structure. The stones are carefully selected and positioned to interlock, providing strength and durability.

2.4 Tying Both Sides of the Wall Together

Halfway or two-thirds up the wall, through stones are introduced. These stones go all the way through the wall, connecting both sides. Through stones can protrude on both sides or just one, depending on the design and stability required. These through stones act as a reinforcement, preventing the wall from spreading apart when the ground moves or shifts over time.

2.5 Through Stones for Extra Stability

To further enhance stability, through stones are strategically placed at intervals along the wall. These stones extend from one side of the wall to the other and provide additional strength. By securing the two sides together, through stones help the wall withstand the pressure exerted by external forces, such as ground movement or erosion.

2.6 Finishing Off with Toppings

Once the core structure of the wall is complete, it is finished off with toppings. These are stones placed on top of the wall, providing a decorative and functional element. In many regions, sloping tops are preferred as they provide stability by interlocking each stone. The toppings act as a protective layer, preventing Water from penetrating the wall and causing damage.

Stay tuned for the next sections, where we will Delve deeper into the process of dry stone walling, from stripping out and rebuilding to avoiding common mistakes and setting up a new wall. Let's Continue our Journey into the world of dry stone walling!